Antibiotika
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Historie
- 1928 Penicillin discovered by Alexander Fleming
- 1932 Sulfonamide antimicrobial activity discovered
- 1935 First unsuccessful attempt to use Sulfonamide to treat a case of
meningitis, in the following years changes allowed for success.
- 1940's Penicillin becomes commercially available (late 40’s)
- 1948 Cephalosporin precursor sent to Oxford for synthesis
- 1952 Erythromycin derived from Streptomyces erythreus.
- 1956 Vancomycin introduced for penicillin resistant staphylococcus
- 1962 Quinolone antibiotics first discovered
- 1970's Linezolid discovered but not pursued
- 1980's Fluorinated Quinolones introduced, making them clinically useful
- 2000 Linezolid introduced into clinical practice
Virkningsmåder:
- Bakteriostatisk
- Bakteriens vækst stopper, så vores immunforsvar kan bekæmpe bakterien lettere.
Denne type antibiotika gives ikke til svækkede patienter. - Eksempler
- Bakteriocid
- Bakterien dræbes, gemmen fx at cellevæggen bliver ødelagt, og pga osmose, så lyser bakterien.
Angrebs punkter i bakterier:
Cellevægssyntesehæmmere
Proteinsyntesen
- Makrolider
- klindamycin
- aminoglykosider
- kloramfenikol
- tetracykliner
- fusidin
Nukleinsyresyntesen
- metronidazol
- quinoloner
- isoniazid
- griseofulvin
Cytoplasmamembranens funktion
- polymyxiner
- amfotericin B
- mikonazol
- flukonazol
- intrakonazol
Resistens:
Typer:
- Genetisk resistens (arvet)
- Erhvervet (gennem fx. plasmider)